Managing As horse owners, many of us share years, even decades, with our equine companions. These animals become more than just partners in riding or work; they become family. But as they age, their needs change, and it’s up to us to ensure their golden years are as comfortable and fulfilling as possible.
Having cared for senior horses myself, I can tell you it’s a mix of science, observation, and a lot of love. Here’s a guide to understanding and managing old age in horses so they can thrive in their later years:
Recognizing When a Horse is a “Senior”
Horses are considered “senior” at around 15-20 years old, though some breeds and individuals may show signs of aging earlier or later. Common signs of aging include weight changes, dental issues, or decreased energy levels. It’s important to remember that aging isn’t a disease but a natural process.
Feeding a Senior Horse
One of the biggest challenges I’ve faced with senior horses, particularly Moose, is maintaining their weight. As they age, their metabolism slows, and dental issues may make chewing hay more difficult. Here are a few tips:
• Quality Forage: Opt for softer hay or hay alternatives like soaked alfalfa cubes or beet pulp if chewing becomes an issue. Moose is supplemented with chopped alfalfa for this very reason.
• Senior Feeds: These are specially formulated with higher fiber, fat, and easily digestible ingredients to help maintain weight.
• Frequent Meals: Smaller, more frequent feedings (if possible) can be easier on their digestive system.
• Dental Check-Ups: Regular floating (filing) of teeth ensures they can chew efficiently and avoid discomfort.
A good rule of thumb? Watch their body condition closely and adjust their diet as needed. Every horse is different, and what works for one doesn’t always work for another.
Managing Health Issues
Older horses are more prone to certain health problems like arthritis, Cushing’s disease, and reduced immunity. Being proactive with veterinary care and maintenance is key.
• Joint Support: Many senior horses benefit from joint supplements containing glucosamine, chondroitin, or MSM. For advanced cases, your vet may recommend injections or other treatments.
• Cushing’s Disease Awareness: Look for symptoms like a long, curly coat that doesn’t shed properly, increased thirst, or fat deposits. With a proper diagnosis, medication like Prascend can help. Before Moose was diagnosed with Cushing’s, all he really displayed was weight loss. Every horse is different so be sure to maintain regular vet visits to address any concerns.
• Vaccinations and Deworming: Senior horses may have weaker immune systems, so staying up-to-date on vaccinations and managing parasite loads is essential.
Exercise and Mental Stimulation
Just because a horse is older doesn’t mean they’re ready to retire to the pasture full-time. Gentle exercise helps maintain muscle tone, joint flexibility, and mental health, as long as there are no injuries present.
• Low-Impact Work: Light riding, groundwork, or hand-walking can keep them moving without overdoing it.
• Engage the Mind: Older horses still enjoy learning! Teach them new tricks or patterns to keep their minds sharp.
I still hand walk Moose every now and again to make sure he’s still stretching his old legs. He enjoys looking around and getting to eat new patches of grass!
Creating Comfort in Their Environment
As horses age, their tolerance for adverse weather may decrease. Ensuring their living conditions are comfortable is another way to support their health.
• Shelter: Provide protection from the elements, especially during cold, snowy winters or hot summers.
• Soft Bedding: For arthritic horses, softer bedding can make lying down and getting up easier. Moose has always preferred being in a pasture as opposed to a stall so this may not apply to every horse.
• Companionship: Older horses often thrive with a calm companion or in a herd with horses of similar energy levels.
Listening to Your Horse
Caring for an older horse is as much about observation and intuition as it is about science. Pay attention to their behavior—are they still enjoying their routines? Are they showing signs of pain or discomfort? You know your horse so listen to your gut!
Moose used to be pastured with relatively young horses because he was good at correcting naughty behaviors. When it became clear he couldn’t comfortably keep up with the young ones anymore and it was time for him to retire, we adjusted his routine to better suit his needs and moved him to a retirement barn. Listening to him taught me to cherish every moment.
One of the most important tasks is working closely with your veterinarian to ensure proper care is being taken for your senior companion.
The Joys of Caring for a Senior Horse
Yes, caring for an aging horse comes with challenges, but it’s also incredibly rewarding. There’s a special bond that develops as you walk this path together—a partnership that deepens with every extra ounce of care and love you provide.
For those of you with senior horses, take pride in the fact that you’re giving back to a companion who has given so much to you. Their loyalty, wisdom, and love are gifts worth every effort.
Here’s to many happy years with your senior horse—and to making their old age as golden as their spirit.
Have you cared for a senior horse? I’d love to hear your stories or tips in the comments!
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